Muscat, Oman??? port capital, sits on the Gulf of Oman surrounded by mountains and desert. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. With history dating back to antiquity, it mixes high-rises and upscale shopping malls with cliff top landmarks such as the 16th-century Portuguese forts, Al Jalali and Mirani, looming over Muscat Harbor.