Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of nanographene oxide sheets (purple; background) interacting with two rod shaped bacteria (pink/green/brown; foreground). Graphene is a 2-dimensional sheet of carbon one atom thick, and has been described as a wonder material as it is one of the thinnest, strongest materials so far discovered and conducts electricity more efficiently than copper. Nanographene oxide represents nano-sized graphene sheets in which carbon atoms are linked to oxygen functional groups. It can be prepared by subjecting graphite to a series of oxidative reactions. Length of each individual bacterium is approximately 2 micrometres. Nanographene is a nanocarrier platform. It has a high surface area that allows attachment of multiple drugs, targeting and imaging molecules, and can be used to target more than one cell type (e.g., a mammalian cancer cell or a bacterial cell). It is being researched for its ability to kill bacteria by encapsulating anti-microbial drugs or by absorbing near infra-red light and converting it to heat (photo-thermal therapy).