Brain. Computer artwork of a human brain with the front of the brain at left. The brain is the nerve centre controlling bodily function and thought. It interprets nerve signals received from the rest of the body and initiates the appropriate responses. Most of the visible surface consists of the folds of the cerebral cortex, the region responsible for intelligent thought, language, conscious movement and memory. The cerebral cortex partially covers two structures at the rear base of the brain. The cerebellum (lower right) controls balance, posture and muscular co-ordination. The rod-like brainstem (left of cerebellum) controls vital subconscious functions, including breathing and blood pressure.