Coloured engraving of Sir Isaac Newton (1642- 1727), the English physicist and mathematician. Newton was aged about 52 when this portrait (by Sir Godfrey Kneller) was engraved. Newton lived the greater part of his adult life at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. While there, following a visit by Halley in 1684, Newton wrote his great scientific work, Principia Mathematica, in which he gave his three laws of motion. From these laws he was able to deduce the law of universal gravitation. Newton also invented the binomial theorem; calculus (both differential and integral); and theories on mechanics and optics.