Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), Norwegian explorer, biologist and humanitarian. In 1888 he was the first to cross the Greenland ice sheet and showed that it covered the entire island. During 1893-6, travelling in his specially-strengthened ship Fram, locked in the ice pack, and carried by sea currents, Nansen reached 87 degrees 57 minutes north. This was further north than anyone had ever been. He did oceanographic work in the Barents and Kara Seas and the Atlantic Ocean. Nansen wrote books on the Iniut, and the central nervous system. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his refugee relief work. Photographed on 29 April 1915.